Turkish investment in Agriculture

Between 2002 and 2023, Turkish agriculture experienced significant growth, establishing itself as one of the top 10 agricultural economies globally, currently ranking ninth. Projections suggest that by 2030, Turkey will rise to become the seventh-largest agricultural economy in the world.

During this period (2002-2023) the value of agricultural production surged from $24 billion to $69 billion, with the government providing over $1 billion in annual incentives to the sector (Graph 1). These incentives were complemented by the development of trade infrastructure and agro-industrial facilities. Although total agricultural employment declined, mechanised farming became more prevalent, and Turkish agricultural companies expanded their exports to Europe and other continents.

As a result, agricultural exports, which stood at $4.47 billion in 2002, soared to $35.16 billion by 2023 (Graph 2). Turkey, which currently accounts for two percent of global agricultural production and 1.5 percent of exports, is positioning itself to increase its global share further as it moves toward the 2030s.

Turkish agriculture from 2024 – 2026

A new breakthrough is anticipated in Turkish agriculture during the 2024-2026 period. Unlike other countries that adopted protectionist trade policies following the global pandemic, Turkey is focused on enhancing its export capacity.

As the world's leading producer of various agricultural products, Turkey is working to increase its technological inputs. With its rich biodiversity, favourable climate, and geographic advantages, coupled with an established agricultural industry, Turkey ranks among the top ten global producers in 55 different products, solidifying its position as a major agricultural nation.

The agricultural sector, which has become a key driver of regional development through the expansion of the agricultural insurance system, is now approaching a new threshold with the integration of next-generation technological advancements.

Significant growth in Turkish agriculture

In 2002, the production value per person employed in agriculture was approximately $3,200. By 2023, this figure had risen to $14,000, about four times the global average, highlighting Turkey's strong competitive power on the world stage. However, Turkey still lags behind countries like the USA, the Netherlands, France, and Germany in terms of production value, as these nations have a higher capacity for utilising technology, enabling them to achieve more efficient agricultural output. Looking ahead, Turkey has the potential to follow a similar path by focusing on technological advancements to further transform its agricultural sector.

Examining the sectoral development in Turkish agriculture reveals significant growth in meat, seed, and milk production. However, grain and vegetable production has not increased at a pace that matches the population growth rate. Future investments in these areas could yield substantial returns, as vegetables and grains are essential staples and among the most consumed products in Turkish society (Table 2).

As a result, globally, Turkey exported approximately 1,800 types of agricultural products to over 190 countries in 2023. The country, which ranks as the world's 9th largest agricultural producer, leads in the production of apricots, cherries, figs, hazelnuts, and quinces.

Additionally, Turkey is the top global exporter of dried apricots, dried figs, quinces, raisins, and wheat flour. With 24 million tons of milk produced, it is the leading milk and dairy producer in its region. Turkey also boasts around 11,000 plant species, nearly matching the 11,500 species found across all of Europe.